Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 3. Measures of observer variability (kappa statistic)

Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 3. Measures of observer variability (kappa statistic).

I magine that you're a busy family physician and that you've found a rare free moment to scan the recent literature. Reviewing your preferred digest of abstracts, you notice a study comparing emergency physicians' interpretation of chest radiographs with radiologists' interpretations. 1 The article catches your eye because you have frequently found that your own reading of a radiograph differs ...

Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 2. Measures of precision (confidence intervals).

application of upfc based on svpwm for power quality improvement

در سالهای اخیر،اختلالات کیفیت توان مهمترین موضوع می باشد که محققان زیادی را برای پیدا کردن راه حلی برای حل آن علاقه مند ساخته است.امروزه کیفیت توان در سیستم قدرت برای مراکز صنعتی،تجاری وکاربردهای بیمارستانی مسئله مهمی می باشد.مشکل ولتاژمثل شرایط افت ولتاژواضافه جریان ناشی از اتصال کوتاه مدار یا وقوع خطا در سیستم بیشتر مورد توجه می باشد. برای مطالعه افت ولتاژ واضافه جریان،محققان زیادی کار کرده ...

Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 5. The effect of spectrum of disease on the performance of diagnostic tests.

Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 1. Relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat.

Physicians, patients and policy-makers are influenced not only by the results of studies but also by how authors present the results. Depending on which measures of effect authors choose, the impact of an intervention may appear very large or quite small, even though the underlying data are the same. In this article we present 3 measures of effect — relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduct...